Quick Size Reference

Not sure where to start? The 48" x 40" GMA pallet is the most common size in North America and is compatible with most standard racking and transportation systems.

48x40

Most Common

GMA/Grocery standard used by most retailers and warehouses

42x42

Square Option

Popular in telecom, paint, and chemical industries

48x48

Drum Size

Ideal for 55-gallon drums and bulk containers

North American Standard Sizes

The most commonly used pallet sizes in the United States and Canada, with load capacity information.

Size (L x W)Name
48" x 40"GMA / Grocery
42" x 42"Telecom
48" x 48"Drum
48" x 45"Automotive
48" x 42"Chemical / Beverage
40" x 40"Dairy
48" x 36"Beverage
36" x 36"General / Beverage
44" x 44"Drum / Chemical
60" x 48"Oversized
48" x 20"Half Pallet
40" x 24"Quarter Pallet

*Load capacities are typical values for standard wood pallets. Actual capacity varies by construction, wood type, and condition.

The Most Popular Size

48" x 40"
GMA / Grocery Pallet
30%
of all pallets produced
2,500 lbs
typical static load
4-Way
entry standard

The 48" x 40" pallet accounts for approximately 30% of all new wood pallets produced in the United States. It's the standard size for grocery, retail, and many other industries.

ISO International Sizes

Standard pallet sizes recognized by the International Organization for Standardization. Important for international shipping and global supply chains.

1200 x 800 mm
47.24" x 31.50"
EUR Pallet (Euro)
Europe

Most common in Europe, fits European trucks

1200 x 1000 mm
47.24" x 39.37"
EUR/ISO Type 2
Europe / Asia

Ideal for heavier European goods

1140 x 1140 mm
44.88" x 44.88"
Australian
Australia

Standard Australian pallet size

1067 x 1067 mm
42" x 42"
North America (42")
North America

Telecom and paint industries

1100 x 1100 mm
43.30" x 43.30"
Asia Standard
Asia Pacific

Common throughout Asia

800 x 600 mm
31.50" x 23.62"
Half EUR
Europe

Display pallets, smaller loads

ISPM-15 Requirement

All wood packaging materials (including pallets) used in international trade must comply with ISPM-15 standards. This requires heat treatment to 56°C for 30 minutes minimum to eliminate pests. We are a certified ISPM-15 facility and can provide compliant pallets for your export needs.

Understanding Load Capacity

Pallet load capacity varies depending on how the pallet is being used. Always ensure your load doesn't exceed the appropriate capacity for your application.

Static Load

Weight supported when the pallet is stationary and fully supported from below, such as on a flat warehouse floor or on top of another pallet in a stack.

2,500 lbs
Typical for 48x40 GMA

Dynamic Load

Weight supported when the pallet is being moved by a forklift or pallet jack. The movement creates additional stress on the pallet structure.

2,000 lbs
Typical for 48x40 GMA

Racking Load

Weight supported when the pallet is on racking with support only at the edges. This creates the most stress and has the lowest capacity rating.

1,400 lbs
Typical for 48x40 GMA

Factors That Affect Load Capacity

  • Wood type: Hardwoods typically support more weight than softwoods
  • Moisture content: Wet wood has reduced strength
  • Pallet condition: Damage reduces load-bearing capacity
  • Board thickness: Thicker boards support more weight
  • Load distribution: Evenly distributed loads maximize capacity
  • Temperature: Extreme temperatures can affect wood strength

Common Wood Types for Pallets

Different wood species offer different characteristics. Understanding these can help you choose the right pallet for your specific application.

Southern Yellow Pine

The most commonly used wood for pallets in North America. Known for its strength, availability, and cost-effectiveness.

Advantages

  • High strength-to-weight ratio
  • Widely available
  • Cost-effective
  • Takes nails well

Considerations

  • Susceptible to decay if not treated
  • Can have high moisture content
Best for: General purpose pallets, standard applications

Oak

A hardwood option that provides superior strength and durability. Often used for heavy-duty applications.

Advantages

  • Extremely strong
  • Durable
  • Long-lasting
  • Resistant to wear

Considerations

  • Heavier than softwoods
  • More expensive
  • Can be harder to nail
Best for: Heavy-duty applications, export pallets, reusable systems

Mixed Hardwoods

A combination of various hardwood species. Common in recycled and used pallets.

Advantages

  • Good strength
  • Often less expensive
  • Sustainable option

Considerations

  • Variable quality
  • May have different characteristics
Best for: General use, recycled pallet programs

Spruce/Pine/Fir (SPF)

A category of softwoods commonly used in pallet manufacturing, especially in Canada.

Advantages

  • Lightweight
  • Easy to work with
  • Good availability

Considerations

  • Lower strength than hardwoods
  • More susceptible to damage
Best for: Light to medium loads, one-way shipping

Pallet Terminology

Understanding the language of pallets helps you communicate your needs effectively and make informed decisions about your pallet requirements.

Structure

Stringer

The long boards that run the length of the pallet, providing the main structural support. Typically made from 2x4 lumber.

Deck Board

The boards that form the top and bottom surfaces of the pallet. Top deck boards carry the load, while bottom boards provide stability.

Block

Square or rectangular pieces (typically 4"x4" or 3.5"x3.5") that support the deck boards in block-style pallets. Usually 9 blocks per pallet.

Lead Board

The boards at either end of the pallet deck, which are often thicker or wider for added strength.

Notched Stringer

Stringers with cutouts to allow four-way entry while maintaining stringer construction. Notches are typically 9" wide and 1.5" deep.

Entry Type

Four-way Entry

Pallets that can be lifted from all four sides by forklifts or pallet jacks. Achieved through notched stringers or block construction.

Two-way Entry

Pallets that can only be lifted from two opposite sides. Common in stringer pallets without notches.

Partial Four-way

Stringer pallets with notches that allow fork entry from all sides, but pallet jacks can only enter from two sides.

Design

Flush Pallet

A pallet where the top deck boards are flush with the edges of the stringers. Most common design.

Wing Pallet

A pallet where the deck boards extend beyond the stringers for overhang. Useful for strapping and securing loads.

Double-Face Pallet

A pallet with deck boards on both top and bottom surfaces. Provides better stability and weight distribution.

Single-Face Pallet

A pallet with deck boards on only one surface. Lighter and less expensive, but limited applications.

Reversible Pallet

A pallet that can be used with either face up. Both surfaces have identical deck board configurations.

Capacity

Static Load

The maximum weight a pallet can support when stationary and fully supported from below. Highest load capacity rating.

Dynamic Load

The maximum weight a pallet can support when being moved by a forklift or pallet jack. Lower than static due to stress from movement.

Racking Load

The maximum weight a pallet can support when placed on racking with support only at the edges. Lowest capacity rating.

Edge Racking

When a pallet is supported only at its edges (typically 2-4" on each end) while spanning across racking beams.

Industry-Specific Recommendations

Different industries have different pallet requirements. Here are our recommendations based on common industry needs and regulations.

Food & Beverage

Recommended Size
48" x 40" GMA
Requirements
Heat treatment (ISPM-15) if exporting, FDA compliance for food contact
Special Notes
Consider plastic pallets for cold storage, hygiene requirements may apply

Pharmaceutical

Recommended Size
48" x 40" GMA
Requirements
Clean, damage-free pallets. Heat treatment required for international
Special Notes
GMP compliance may require new pallets only, plastic alternatives available

Automotive

Recommended Size
48" x 45" CMA
Requirements
High strength pallets for heavy parts, consistent quality
Special Notes
Often use returnable pallet systems, custom sizes common

Retail

Recommended Size
48" x 40" GMA or 48" x 20" Half
Requirements
Consistent size for DC operations, display-ready options
Special Notes
Half pallets popular for direct-to-floor retail displays

Chemical

Recommended Size
48" x 48" or 42" x 42"
Requirements
Spill containment compatibility, chemical resistance
Special Notes
May require plastic pallets for certain chemicals

Manufacturing

Recommended Size
Varies by product
Requirements
Custom sizes often needed, high load capacity
Special Notes
Returnable pallet programs common, tracking systems available

Need Help Choosing the Right Size?

Not sure which pallet size is right for your application? Our team of experts can help you select the perfect pallet for your needs, whether it's a standard size or a custom solution.